1.A vassal state under the Shang, Zhou gained sufficient strength to challenge the dynasty owing to its good governance over the years.
周虽然是商的属国，但由于历代君主的苦心经营，到商朝末年它已经有了足以同商相抗衡的实力。
2.Their goal was to establish a bourgeois republic, an out-and-out vassal of the West.
他们的目的是要建立一个完全西方附庸化的资产阶级共和国。
3.By synthesizing the data of historiography, inscriptions on oracle and bone and the archaeologicaldata, this paper try to demonstrate that the vassal states which were appointed by the Shang kings arenot independent states, but a local regimes which were controlled by the central government ofShang.
本文对有关历史文献、甲骨卜辞和考古资料进行综合研究，重点论证受商王册封的诸侯国不是独立国家，而是受商王控制的一级地方政权；
4.A monetary payment to a feudal lord by a vassal in medieval England.
贡金在中世纪英国，封臣向领主缴纳的贡金
5.A payment or tax given by a feudal vassal to an overlord.
贡赋，贡税封建封臣向封建领主支付的款项或税金
6.It was said that two thousand years ago, there was a such a boy in Shouling county of Yan(a vassal country), whose name was unknown, hence we could call him Shouling Boy.
相传在两千年前，燕国寿陵地方有一位少年，不知道姓啥叫啥，就叫他寿陵少年吧！
7.A person holding land by feudal fee; a vassal.
封臣，藩臣由封建的封地所有权而占有土地的人；臣属
8.Duke Ji Chang of Zhou was extremely popular among the vassal states at the same time that King Zhou was hastening the Shang Dynasty to its end.
在纣王逐渐众叛亲离的时候，周国的领袖姬昌却正在赢得越来越多的支持者。
9.Of, relating to, or characteristic of the feudal relationship between vassal and lord.
封臣和领主间的封建关系的、有关这种关系的或具有这种关系的特性的
10.As for Vietnam, which for much of its history was a vassal of China, it was still smarting from a border war in 1979 launched (with American blessing) to “teach Vietnam a lesson” for unseating the genocidal (China-backed) Khmer Rouge regime next door in Cambodia.
比如，历史上一直是中国属国的越南，一直对于1979年那场边界战争耿耿于怀，而且中国政府给企图颠覆柬埔寨红色高棉的越南好好上了一课。
