1.The similarity hypothesis may explain how biodiversity loss influences variability in biomass of plant communities but remains untested.We collected data over a three-year period (1999～2001),at the end of July during the peak of plant growing season,from 74 permanent plots in a natural alpine meadow located in the eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.The objective was to test how similarity in species composition can explain the effects of species diversity on interannual variability in total aboveground biomass.Variability in total aboveground biomass per plot,decreased as species richness increased,and it also showed an overall decline as evenness increased although it appeared to stay at about the same level over the intermediate range of evenness.Similarity in species composition explained most of the variability in total aboveground biomass,and increased similarity in species composition reduced interannual variation in total aboveground biomass.Species richness and evenness were unrelated to similarity in species composition.These results indicate that the causal relationship between similarity and variability in total aboveground biomass may be robust,although biodiversity loss may not necessarily lead to decreased similarity in species composition in species-rich communities such as the alpine meadows of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau.Therefore,understanding how similarity influences the effects of biodiversity on variability in ecosystem functioning would require directly manipulated experiments for similarity in species composition.
相似性假说通过物种构成的相似性来解释物种丧失是如何影响生物量的变异性的,但还没有得到检验.本研究通过设置在青藏高原东部地区的高寒草甸植物群落中的74个永久样方,采集3年(1999～2001)植物生长高峰期的群落数据,试图检验物种构成的相似性是如何解释物种多样性对地上生物量年际变异性的影响.结果表明:随着物种丰富度增加,生物量变异性降低;而随着均匀度的增加,生物量的变异性尽管在均匀度中等程度时似乎保持在同一水平,但总体上呈下降趋势;物种构成上的相似性解释了地上生物量变异性的大部分,而且随着物种构成上的相似性的增加,生物量的变异性降低;物种丰富度和均匀度均与物种构成上的相似性没有显著相关关系.这些结果表明:尽管生物多样性的丧失可能不必导致物种丰富群落中物种构成上的相似性,但相似性与地上生物量的变异性的因果联系可能是稳健的,由于本研究是在自然群落中进行的,对物种构成的相似性没有进行直接控制,因此,要深入理解相似性是如何影响生物多样性对生态系统功能变异性的效应的机制,可能还需要直接对物种构成的相似性进行控制的实验研究.
2.Abstract: In light of thicker grain and smaller viscosity of debris flow,a segmented simulation of the debris flow with flume is presented.For the first time.more difficult resistance similarity is brought about by geometric rate without excessive coarsing and discontinuous similarity of sand grain composition in model is eliminated with different grain scale.On this basis the density similarity and sand conveying similarity are achived.The method presented is verified through a model test case.
文摘:针对水石流颗粒粗,粘性小的特点,提出了利用水槽进行分段模拟水石流的设想,首次通过几何变率解决难度较大的阻力相似问题,改变了以往过度加糙的方式;通过变粒径比尺的方法消除了模型沙级配不连续相似的问题,较好地实现了固体物质级配相似,达到了泥石流的密度相似和输沙相似.通过水槽概化模型试验实例,对本方法进行了验证.
3.For the problem that the accuracy of case-based reasoning (CBR) degrades due to measurement errors of the case similarity caused by the CRS methods, a new method based on similarity rough set (SRS) for determining the case feature weights is proposed where the indiscernibility relation is extended to the similarity relation of the CRS.
其次，针对基于传统粗糙集的方法会造成案例相似度测量误差从而影响案例推理的准确性的问题，将传统粗糙集的不可分辨关系推广为相似关系，提出了一种基于相似粗糙集的案例特征权值确定方法。
4.Adopting Archimedes number Arq as similarity standard, the author determine every kind of similarity scale according to geometry scale 1/18 and other limit condition, at the same time, complete organization of model essence, simulation heat source system, design and arrangement of air supply and exhaust system according to every kind of similarity scale.
采用热量阿基米德数Arq作为相似准则,按照1/18的几何比例尺以及其他制约条件确定各种相似比例尺。 根据各种相似比例尺完成模型本体结构、模拟热源系统及模型送排风系统的设计和配置。
5.The article briefly introduces five basic functions of the calculation software of traditional medicine fingerprint similarity of Zhejiang University. 1 Input the data. 2 Deal with data in advance and compare chromatogram fingerprints. 3 Retention time to indentify and math the peaks automatically. 4 The calculation of chromatogram fingerprint similarity. 5 Output the result and print it. the software used to calculate the similarity of chromatogram fingerprint is easy to learn.
摘要系统地介绍浙大中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件五个基本功能：1．数据导入，2．数据预处理和色谱图的缩放比较，3．保留时间校正和谱峰自动匹配，4．指纹图谱相似度计算，5．结果输出和报表打印。
6.The analysis shows that it is the most difficult to satisfy the similarity of the natural frequency of model to that of original shape,but the similarity is very important to the dynamic similarity of model to original shape.
分析发现,在海洋平台相似模型设计中,模型与原形的固有频率相似是最难以满足的相似条件,但它对动力相似又至关重要.
7.By using the similarity principle of noetic science, the concept of employing the multiple information sources within a DDSS to estimate incomplete information by analogy is proposed. Three types of analogic reJations, namely, approximation, similarity and attribute dependence, are presented for the numerical type of incomplete information. A set of fuzzy linguistic variable-based algorithms for the measurement of the degree of similarity and analogic estimation rules associated with the analogic relations are formulated.
本文运用思维科学的相似原理,提出了利用DDSS多信息源对不完全信息进行类比估计的设计思想,文中提出了三种适合于数值型的不完全信息的类比关系,给出了相应的度量公式和估计规则,最后讨论了类比估计在DDSS中的实现问题.
8.n this paper, the local similarity in the surface layer is expounded and verified by the data, which were supplied by U. Hogstrom and were observed in the surface layer over the farm in countryside near Uppsala City of Sweden by the Department of Meteorology of Uppsala University in summer 1986. And a suit of more complete empirical constants about the similarity functions are determined with local similarity theory.
利用U．Hogstrom教授提供的瑞典Uppsala大学气象系于1986年夏季在Uppsala市郊农田中观察到的近地面层大气资料，对近地面层大气的局地相似性进行了论证，并给出了一套相似性函数的经验常数。
9.Baldwin’ Truth Value Reasoning of fuzzy inference, the reasoning(FEP and FMT)method by similarity degree of disturbing fuzzy sets is given, reasoning method of similarity degree disturbing fuzzy sets pointed out ,the relational reappearance is also discussed, and then the conditions satisfying the revival property of the algorithms is given.
Baldwin 的真值限定推理方法,在扰动模糊集上定义了一种模糊推理的新方法—扰动模糊集相似度限定推理(FMP 和 FMT)方法,提出了扰动模糊集相似度限定推理方法, 该方法是满足关系再现的并对关系再现问题进行了讨论,给出了满足还原算法的条件。
10.Results and Conclusion: The average similarity coefficient between imported and domestic Daemonorops draco Bl. was lower than 0.330. But the average similarity coefficient of Daemonorops draco Bl. obtained from different factories were higher than 0.905.The visualized convolution fingerprint diagrams of 8 samples were obtained and successfully identified, and the results coincided quite well with those of classical phyto-taxonomy.
结果和结论 :进口血竭与国产血竭的相似系数 0 .90 5 ,通过相似系数的大小能准确鉴别不同来源的血竭。 所得分析结果与经典的形态分类学鉴别方法一致。
