1.In this paper, scale models are used to study local scour around bridge piers and abutments, and the scour pit pattern and maximum scour depth, which may serve as a reference for engineering design, are given.
采用系列模型试验方法，对具体工程大型桥墩在水流和波流共同作用下的局部冲刷分别进行研究，提出了冲刷坑形态和最大冲刷深度，供工程设计参考。
2.Based on experimental result of energy dissipation and scour protection for downstream of spillway at Yu Jian Kou power station,this paper discusses the flow characteristics,aerated characteristics of flaring gate pier for low dam pivot,the influence on pressure of dam surface and the result of energy dissipation for flaring gate pier.It is put forward to be an available method to solve the problems of energy dissipation and scour protection for depth of covering strata,poor geologic condition and weakness of resistance to scour capability under reasonable use of flaring gate piers and auxiliary dissipaters.Thus,a new method is obtained for release of floodwater and energy dissipation of low dam pivot which are provided with low water head,great unit discharge and low Froud coefficient.It may be used for reference for design and test workers.
结合鱼剑口电站坝下消能防冲试验研究成果，对低坝枢纽宽尾墩的水流特点、掺气特性、宽尾墩对大坝泄流能力和坝面压力的影响以及宽尾墩的消能效果等问题进行了初步探讨，提出了合理地使用宽尾墩结合辅助消能设施可有效地解决坝下覆盖层深，地质条件差，抗冲能力弱的低坝枢纽的消能防冲问题，从而为具有低水头，大单宽流量，低佛氏数特点的低坝枢纽泄洪消能开辟了一条新途径，可供有关低坝枢纽设计与试验工作者借鉴与参考.
3.Abstract: Based on experimental result of energy dissipation and scour protection for downstream of spillway at Yu Jian Kou power station,this paper discusses the flow characteristics,aerated characteristics of flaring gate pier for low dam pivot,the influence on pressure of dam surface and the result of energy dissipation for flaring gate pier.It is put forward to be an available method to solve the problems of energy dissipation and scour protection for depth of covering strata,poor geologic condition and weakness of resistance to scour capability under reasonable use of flaring gate piers and auxiliary dissipaters.Thus,a new method is obtained for release of floodwater and energy dissipation of low dam pivot which are provided with low water head,great unit discharge and low Froud coefficient.It may be used for reference for design and test workers.
文摘:结合鱼剑口电站坝下消能防冲试验研究成果，对低坝枢纽宽尾墩的水流特点、掺气特性、宽尾墩对大坝泄流能力和坝面压力的影响以及宽尾墩的消能效果等问题进行了初步探讨，提出了合理地使用宽尾墩结合辅助消能设施可有效地解决坝下覆盖层深，地质条件差，抗冲能力弱的低坝枢纽的消能防冲问题，从而为具有低水头，大单宽流量，低佛氏数特点的低坝枢纽泄洪消能开辟了一条新途径，可供有关低坝枢纽设计与试验工作者借鉴与参考.
4.From model tests and hydraulic calculations about the submerged groins in the macro-tidal bore area of Qiantangjiang Estuary, the development mechanism of scour at the upstream side of submerge groins under the bore action is proposed. Then the relaIton between upstream side scour depth of groin and water depth before arriving of the bore, the bore height, the groin height and the groin shape is established.
通过对强涌潮地区钱塘江河口漫水丁坝断面模型试验及涌潮翻越丁坝的水力计算研究 ,提出涌潮作用下漫水丁坝上游冲刷坑的形成机理 ,建立丁坝上游冲刷坑水深与潮前水深、涌潮高度、丁坝高度及丁坝上游面平台宽度的关系 .
5.3. Experiments about the influence of aeration on the dynamic pressure on the bottom of scour hole show,the influence of aeration on the dynamic pressure on the bottom of scour hole is ruleless.
3．试验研究了掺气对冲坑底部脉动压强的影响，结果表明：无论冲坑深度为多大，坑底脉动压强均方根值沿程分布与不掺气时相比，没有确定性的规律，射流掺气后，冲坑底部的脉动压强有时增加，有时反而减小。 证明了冲刷坑的形成对下游水流流态及坑底脉动压强特性有较大的影响。
6.Trajectory flow or trajectory flow together with surface flow is used in accordance with different design flood for energy dissipation and scour prevention. Some protective measures are taken for the ski jump spillways, bank slope, and scour pit in design.
消能防冲设计则根据不同设计洪水条件采取挑流或挑流与面流相结合的消能方式，并且对滑雪道、岸坡和坝下冲坑进行了防护处理设计。
7.According to the data of equilibrium scour experiments, the estimating equations for scour depth of abutments and spur dikes are established and applied.
根据本文和近年来国外发表的长历时平衡冲刷数据，应用图解和回归分析，建立了桥台及丁坝平衡冲刷深度公式。
8.There was some temporary deposition in the spillway sediment tunnel and the bed of the lower reaches at the early stage of the emtying scour, but after the emptying scour process, this deposition would disappear.
试验结果表明：昌马水库采用每年7月泄空冲刷运用方式，可以有效地排除库内淤积，延长水库使用期限；泄空冲刷初期排沙洞和下游河床有暂时性淤积发生，随着水库排沙率的降低，这种淤积将逐步消失；泄空冲刷过程结束后，下游河床不会发生淤积抬升。
9.The concept "design tidal range" and "initial scour altitude" are defined and the local scour at piers under tidal bore action is simulated.
本论文在总结国内外研究成果的基础上，根据钱塘江河口段潮流动力的变化特点对不同河段采用不同的控制条件进行研究，提出了“设计潮差”、“起始冲刷高程”等概念，对涌潮及快水作用下桥墩的局部冲刷进行了模拟。
10.Clean health care: Takes this right amount, dilutes 3-5 time with the warm boiling water, after takes the dilution the solution foreign cloudy spot to scour, the sitz bath, to shower, also may use outside the original fluid to scratch, may dispel the unusual smell.
清洁保健：取本品适量，用温开水稀释3-5倍，取稀释后的溶液对外阴部位擦洗、坐浴、淋浴、亦可用原液外擦，可祛除异味。
