1.Brown and Levinson (1987) compared English and two Indian dialects (i.e. Tzeltal andTamil) in their Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage, and Maria Sifianou(1992) contrastively analyzes the differences of politeness phenomena in English andGreek in her Politeness Phenomena in England and Greece: A Cross-culturalPerspective.
而MariaSifianou（1992）也在其著作Politeness Phenomena in England and Greece：A Cross-cultural Perspective中对英语和希腊语中礼貌现象的分布情况进行了认真的对比研究，总结得出了希腊人整体上更倾向于使用积极礼貌策略、英国人则更注重于使用消极礼貌策略这一结论。
2.Actually, the politeness model proposed by Brown and Levinson and Leech’s Politeness Principle can be extended to the interpretation of the politeness phenomena and the manifestations of politeness strategies in written discourse.
实际上布朗和列文森提出的礼貌模式以及利奇的礼貌原则可以用来解释书面文本中的礼貌现象和礼貌策略应用。
3.And also the intrinsic characteristics of criticism is Face Threatening Act,Brown and Levinson (1987) theorize politeness as a strategy for mitigating threats to face inverbal interaction. Positive Politeness Strategy and Negative Politeness Strategy are two mainredressive strategies.
而且,批评本身的特点决定了它是一种面子威胁行为,布朗和莱文森(1987)提出礼貌是一种在言语交际中减少面子威胁性的策略,积极礼貌策略和消极礼貌策略是其中的两个主要修正策略。
4.An introduction of the meme notion into linguistic politeness studies reveals that both language and politeness are memes and that the Chinese politeness memes mainly originated from Lùnyǔ "The Analects of Confucius" and Lǐjì "On Li".
摘要将模因概念引入语言礼貌研究领域可以发现，语言与语言礼貌都是模因，汉语礼貌模因的确立在很大程度上受到《论语》和《礼记》的影响。
5.By comparing social deixis in Chinese and English,social deixis can be divided into three levels in accordance with politeness.According to pragmatic equivalence,politeness Equivalence Hypothesis in translation of social deixis is proposed.According to this hypothesis,the politeness level of the translated version must be equivalent to the original text.
本文通过对比中西社交指示语中的称谓语,根据其礼貌程度将其分别划分为三个礼貌等级,再根据语用等效原则,提出了在翻译中应该遵循的译文和原文礼貌等级一致的礼貌等效翻译假说,并举例说明其在翻译实践中的指导意义。
6.In actual language interactions, the speaker often makes use of, if not manipulates conventional politeness memes to make salient his or her polite intention, whereas the hearer often goes beyond the conventional meaning or literal meaning of linguistic politeness memes to understand and interpret the communicative intention intended by the speaker before making politeness evaluations.
在现实生活中，说话人完全有可能利用甚至调控大多数人所认同的规约性礼貌模因来凸显自己的礼貌意图，听话人则经常透过语言模因的规约意义或字面意义来解读说话人意欲传递的交际意图，从而对说话人的语言模因重新做出礼貌、非礼貌或不礼貌的评价。
7.Applying a model of politeness derived from an interlocking of Brown and Levinson’s theories, this paper studies the politeness strategies of comparable Chinese and American advertisements.
本文应用布朗和莱文森的礼貌原则的正面面子和负面面子理论,同时结合常见的个体面子和集体面子以及个人面子和他人面子理论分析了中美广告语的礼貌原则特点。
8.In the same way,British people sometimes make offers purely out of politeness,not really expecting them to be accepted,and offers like those are usually refused with corresponding politeness.
同样地，英国人有时主动提出帮忙大多是出于礼貌，并不期望别人来接受它，而人们也同样地以十分礼貌的方式谢绝这种帮助。
9.The first section of this article reviews two classic theories, the Politeness Theory (Brown and Levinson, 1987) and the Politeness Principle (Leech, 1983), which are regarded as the theoretical basis of the discussion.
本文的第一部分回顾了两个关于语言学中礼貌现象的经典理论，礼貌理论(布朗和列文森，1987)以及礼貌原则(里奇，1983)。
10.Distinct differences are found in four Chinese apologetic politeness strategies, i. e., explanation, direct apology, offer of repair and punishment while difference is only found in one English apologetic politeness strategy, i. e., explanation.
结果发现：汉语致歉行为对社会距离的感知度比英语致歉行为的感知度高；汉语在解释、直接道歉、补偿和求罚等4个策略上，明显地受社会距离感知动态的影响，而英语只是在解释这个策略上体现出影响。
