1.In this study , genetic segregation analysis of panicle angle and spikelets per panicle was made by using the major gene-polygene mixed inheritance model with segregating generations and recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F6) derived from the two panicle types of japonica rice (Oryza saliva L.) . Heterosis of FIS made by the two panicle type varieties and correlations between traits in RIL population were also analysed.
本研究利用两种穗型粳稻品种杂交产生的分离世代及重组自交系群体(RILs，F_6)为材料，利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型，对穗角和每穗颖花数进行了遗传分离分析，并对不同穗型杂种F_1的优势及RIL群体的性状相关性进行了分析，获得如下结果：
2.The genetic correlations of six agronomic characters in some indica-japonica crosses were analyzed using mixed-linear model method.The results indicated that there existed correlations to a certain degree among the measured traits.The phenotypic correlations of plant height with filled grain or seed setting were significant.Panicle length with total grains or filled grain,total grains with filled grain or seed setting,and filled grain with seed setting were the same.For panicle length with plant height or seed setting,total grains with filled,and for filled grain with seed setting,genetic correlations were also significant.Further analysis,the result showed that genetic correlations between the measured traits were mainly due to domimant effects.In addition,additive correlations were significant for grain weight with panicle length or total grains or filled grain,and for total grains with filled grain.
用混合线性模型方法对籼粳亚种间杂交组合农艺性状的相关性进行了遗传研究，结果表明：被测性状之间大都存在一定程度的相关.其中，株高与实粒数、结实率，穗长与总粒数、实粒数，总粒数与实粒数和结实率，以及实粒数与结实率之间具有显著的表型相关，总粒数与实粒数，实粒数与结实率，以及穗长与株高和结实率之间具有显著的遗传相关.进一步的分析表明，性状之间的遗传相关大多归因于显性效应，而粒重与穗长、总粒数和实粒数之间，以及总粒数与实粒数之间还具有极显著的加性相关.
3.The results showed that: (1) A very significant increase in grain weight per plant (GWPP) of Super high-yielding combinations mainly results from more panicles per plant (PPP). (2) The order of contribution to GWPP was panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle (FGPP), 1000-grain weight (KGW), spikelets per panicle (SPP), plumping degree (PD) filled grain rate (FGR). (3) GWPP has positive correlation with PPP and FGPP at 0.01 significant level, with FGR at 0.05 significant level. (4) On the background of big panicle hybrid rice GWPP has positive partial correlation with PPP, KGW and PD at 0.01 significant level, which means any increase in these yield components can increase yield.
结果表明：(1)不同产量水平大穗型组合产量的差异主要受单株穗数差异的影响；(2)产量构成因素对产量的作用大小依次为：单株穗数＞每穗实粒数＞千粒重＞每穗总粒数＞充实度＞结实率；(3)单株穗数和每穗实粒数与产量正相关达极显著水平，结实率与产量正相关达显著水平：(4)单株穗数、千粒重和充实度与产量的偏相关为正，且达到极显著水平，说明在大穗的基础上，单株穗数的增加、千粒重和充实度的提高可以使产量显著增加。
4.The highest Chl content and the highest photosynthesis rate of hull of a whole panicle were about 25%and 20%of those of flag leaf. (2) The absorption spectra of Chl was different between flag leaf and hull, the absorbance of the medium that contain Chl of hull was more strong than that of flag leaf in zone of short wavelength when the Chl concentration of medium was the same. (3) The weight of the hull increased gradually after heading, the weight of the hull in the upper part of the panicle is higher than in the lower part of the panicle.
谷壳与旗叶相同叶绿素浓度提取液的光吸收光谱特性不同，在短波区谷壳叶绿素提取液的光吸收明显比旗叶叶绿素的高；在抽穗后，谷壳的重量会有所增加，但穗下部谷壳的重量始终比穗上部的轻；相关分析表明，谷壳的重量与最终粒重呈极显著正相关关系。
5.Correlation analysis shows that there are great differences among varieties in incidence of FSR. The disease incidence is closely related with panicle traits. The correlation rate is arranged like this: grain density>grains per panicle>numbers of second twig.
将结果进行相关性分析,认为稻曲病的发生存在着显著的品种间差异,发病率与穗部性状关系密切,相关性大小为着粒密度>每穗粒数>二次枝梗数,发病率与穗长、剑叶角度、穗弯曲度、剑叶长度呈极显著或显著的负相关。
6.No matter hybrid rice or conventional rice varieties, erect and semi-erect panicle rice varieties were suitable for equal row spacing cultivation for intercepting mare light at canopy, while curved-panicle rice varieties were for wide-narrow row spacing cultivation for improving light intensities of middle and lower layer leaves.
但不同类型品种适宜的栽培方式不同：杂交稻适宜插单苗，而常规稻适宜插3苗；不论是杂交稻还是常规稻，直立穗型和半直立穗型品种适宜等行距栽培以减少群体漏光，弯曲穗型品种适宜宽窄行栽培以改善中下层叶片的光照条件。
7.Two thirds of the lemmas from glumes on a panicle were trimmed away in the afternoon during rice anthesis. One of the methods was to expose the panicles to dews during the night while the other was to spray water over the panicle. The seed setting rates following treatment in the two methods were 2.1% and 2.8% and the cross?fertility rates were 34.2% and 29.2%, respectively.
结果表明,将颖壳剪去2/3后,经过夜露水或喷水去雄的套袋自交结实率分别为2.1%和2.8%,异交结实率分别达到34.2%和29.2%.
8.Shading treatment increase protein and make a reduction in amylase on which erect panicle types were apparent in nurture quality shading treatment made a reduction in flavor quality in erect panicle type and uncertainty in curved one.
在食味值方面，遮光对直穗品种食味值影响较为显著，使其食味值降低，而对弯穗品种的影响则是有升有降。
9.Compared with UCF, CCF increase effective panicles, setting grains per panicle and setting grain percentage, of which the effective panicles increased by 4.5-13.95+104/ha, the setting grains increased 4.6-7.8 grains per panicle, the setting grain percentage was higher by 2.9%-3.5%.
与施普通复合肥相比，施控释肥对水稻产量构成的影响主要表现在明显提高了有效穗，每穗实粒数和结实率，有效穗每公顷增加 4．5－13．95万穗，每穗实粒数增加 4石．7．8粒，结实率提高2．9％习．5％。
10.In the DH population,the productive panicles per plant,grains per panicle,grain density,and yield per panicle significantly correlated with PKV(peak viscosity),HPV(hot viscosity),BDV(breakdown),CPV(cool viscosity),SBV(setback),and CSV(consistence) positively or negatively,while no significant correlations between other yield traits and cooking quality indices were detected,preliminarily indicating the certain correlation between yield and grain quality.
结果表明,在DH群体中有效穗数、每穗粒数、着粒密度、单株产量与PKV、HPV、BDV、CPV、SBV、CSV显著或极显著相关,而其他产量性状与品质指标间没有显著的相关关系。
