1.Objective: Nonsyndromic CLP is composed of two separate entities: cleft lip and palate (CL±P) and cleft palate only (CPO). Cleft lip (CL) with or without cleft palate (CP; CL/P) ranks among the most common birth defects in humans. Our understanding of aetiology and pathogenesis of these birth defects, particularly the non-syndromic variants, remains relatively poor.
背景和目的：非综合征性唇裂伴或不伴腭裂(Nonsyndromic cleft of the lip and／or palate，NCL／P)是常见的出生缺陷，是一种多基因易感性疾病，有着复杂的遗传特点，目前研究认为非综合征唇腭裂的发生是遗传和环境共同作用的结果，倾向于是继发的基因—环境因素相互作用而形成的。
2.It derives from an embryopathy with consequently failure or the nasal process and/or palatal shelves fusion. It can seriously affect the quality of life also and becomes the urgent problem to solve up to now. At present extensive and receptive categorization is divided cleft of lip and palate into NSCLP and SCLP, NSCLP included CLP and CPO.
目前广泛接受的分类是从病原学上将唇腭裂分为非综合征性唇腭裂(nonsyndromic cleft of the lipand／or palate，NSCLP)和综合征性唇腭裂(syndromic cleft of the lipand／or palate，SCLP)，其中非综合征性唇腭裂又可以分为唇裂伴有或不伴有腭裂(cleft lip and palate，CLP)，单纯腭裂(cleft palateonly，CPO)。
3.Results Cleft lip(CL):931cases (19.57%), Cleft lip with palate(CL + P):2743cases (57.65%), Cleft palate only(CPO):1084 cases (22.78%).
结果 单纯唇裂(cleft lip CL)931例(19.57%),唇裂伴腭裂(cleft lip with palate CL+P)2743例(57.65%),单纯腭裂(cleft palate only CPO)1084例(22.78%)。
4.Some people have a delicate palate, that is to say, they are very particular about food or some other things.
某些人有一张delicate palate, 那就是说，他们对食物或某些东西非常挑剔。
5.The word palate also means taste or liking.
Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。
6.The levetor veli palatini muscle elevates the soft palate, the muscle uvulae bunches the soft palate, and the tensor veli palatini tenses and shortens the palate.
颚帆提肌使软颚上升，悬雍垂肌使软颚成串，颚帆张肌拉紧也使软颚缩短。
7.To study TGFβ2 polymorphisms in nonsyndromic cleft lipwith or without palate (CL/P or NSCLP) and cleft palate only(CPO) by means of DNA-PCR-SSCP, and investigate theassociation of TGFβ2 polymorphisms with CL/P and CPO.
采用聚合酶链反应—单链构像多态性分析方法检测非综合症型唇腭裂及单发性腭裂患者 TGFβ2 基因的多态性，以探讨TGFB2 基因与唇腭裂发生的关系；
8.Methods:TGFβ2 genes were amplified from peripheral leukocytes by means of PCR in 272 cases of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P), 251 of cleft palate only(CPO) and 312 of unrelated controls in Jilin Province, PCR products were analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism(SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Maternal smoking was investigated.
方法:272例非综合征性唇裂伴或不伴腭裂(CL/P)患者和251例单纯性腭裂(CPO)患者为病例组,312例正常人为对照组; 用PCR-SSCP和基因测序方法分析TGFβ2基因多态性,通过询问方式调查母亲孕期的吸烟情况;
9.Objective:To study TGFα and TGFβ3 polymorphisms in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCLP,CLP or CL)and cleft palate only(CPO).
目的:探讨TGFα基因和TGFβ3基因多态性与国人非综合征型唇腭裂发生的关系。
10.Palate: The palate is vibrant and fresh with ripe plum, blackcurrant fruit flavours accompanied by spicy, vanilla oak. The finish is quite long and soft.
口感：口感有成熟洋李新鲜活跃，伴有黑加仑子、香草橡木的香味，余韵柔软而持久。
