1.Trees happened premature decay and even die due to density too dense in deep forestation no irrigation.It is considered that thin construction were disposed in density of deep forestation no irrigation from tree biological ecology characters,forestation pattern,site conditions,water balance,auxiliary tree species and so on.
由于深栽旱作造林密度过大出现林木早衰甚至死亡问题,从树种生物生态学特征、造林方式、立地条件、水分平衡、伴生树种等方面加以论证,认为深栽旱作造林密度应配置成均匀而比较稀疏的群体结构。
2.In case of state-owned waste mountains and land suitable for tree planting, the competent forestry authorities and other competent authorities shall organize forestation; in case of collective-owned waste mountains and land, the collective economic organizations shall organize forestation.
宜林荒山荒地，属于国家所有的，由林业主管部门和其他主管部门组织造林；属于集体所有的，由集体经济组织组织造林。
3.The State protects the legitimate rights and interests of the collectives and private individuals who have contracted for forestation; no organization and private individual shall encroach upon the ownership of trees and other legitimate rights and interests entitled according to the law to the collectives and private individuals who have contracted for forestation.
国家保护承包造林的集体和个人的合法权益，任何单位和个人不得侵犯承包造林的集体和个人依法享有的林木所有权和其他合法权益。
4.The armed forces stationed in the western region have, in order to improve the ecological environment, taken an active part in activities such as forestation, sand prevention and control, closing mountains to facilitate forestation, and restoring the reclaimed land to forests and grasslands. They have planted trees in an area of more than 3 million mu (one mu equals one fifteenth of a hectare), sown grass on more than 1.8 million mu of land, and restored more than 1.5 million mu of reclaimed land to forests and grasslands.
驻西部地区部队为改善驻地生态环境，积极参加植树造林、防沙治沙、封山育林、退耕还林还草等工作，共植树３００余万亩，种草１８０余万亩，退耕１５０余万亩。
5.Alongside the railways, roads, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, various competent authorities shall organize forestation according to local conditions; in industrial and mining areas, in the land used by government authorities and schools, in the barracks of troops and in the areas managed by farms, pasture lands and fishing banks, the relevant organizations shall be responsible for forestation.
铁路公路两旁、江河两侧、湖泊水库周围，由各有关主管单位因地制宜地组织造林；工矿区、机关、学校用地，部队营区以及农场、牧场、渔场经营地区，由各该单位负责造林。
6.6.7 ha drought-resistant forestation was tested by forestation new material-water storage osmosis film(WSOF)in arid and semi-arid osmosis sand and hills region of Lijia village Dongshan Town 2005.The results showed the WSOF is low in cost,and easy to use. The survival rate could be increased 4%～11%,increased 2～12cm in high growth,increased 0.1～0.3cm in thick growth.
2005年互助县东山乡下李家村应用干旱、半干旱、荒山、渗漏流沙地区植树造林的新材料—蓄水渗膜产品进行抗旱造林试验6.7hm2,试验结果显明,该产品成本低,易于实施,可有效提高造林成活率4%~11%,高生长提高2~12cm,地径提高0.1~0.3cm。
7.Build wine grape seedling raising base to ensure the purity of wine grape, stabilize seedling price, cut forestation costs and increase survival rate of forestation.
建设酒葡萄育苗基地，保证了酒葡萄的纯度，稳定了苗木价格，降低了造林成本，提高了造林成活率。
8.the survival rate of forestation could be raised by 6～9 percentage points covered with by grass sward,and that raised by 38.0 percentage points of elm forestation pruned trunk and covered with mud.
覆盖草皮可提高灌木造林成活率6~9个百分点; 白榆截杆、蘸泥浆造林的成活率可提高38.0个百分点;
9.Abstract: In light of status quo the forest in China,harms are analyzed of soil erosion,flood disaster, sand storm,drought,zero flow of rivers,and species reduction caused by deforestation for farming.The impact of these harms on the national economy and a series of ecological environment problems which happened in the past several years are analysed.Functions of reducing and cultivation for forestation for the development of the west for river harnessing for the application of synthetic measures,and for getting rid of poverty are studied.
文摘:根据中国西部森林的现状，采用生态学与地理学的方法，分析了因毁林开荒造成水土流失、洪涝灾害、沙尘风暴、干旱少雨、江河断流、物种减少等危害对国民经济发展所造成的影响，以及近几年所产生的一系列生态环境问题.探讨了退耕还林(草)对我国的生态环境治理、西部持续发展、江河整治、国土整治综合措施运用、西部农民脱贫致富的作用.
10.Article 10 The cost of self-cultivating public welfare biological assets shall be ascertained in accordance with the necessary expenses for forestation, forest tending, forest protection, forest operating facilities, testing of good species, investigation and design, indirect apportionment, etc., prior to the close canopy.
第十条自行营造的公益性生物资产的成本，应当按照郁闭前发生的造林费、抚育费、森林保护费、营林设施费、良种试验费、调查设计费和应分摊的间接费用等必要支出确定。
