1.A significant attempt for designing a timesaving and efficient 4-dimensional variational data assimilation(4DVar) was made,and a new data assimilation approach called"3-Dimensional Variational data assimilation of Mapped observation(3DVM)" was proposed,based on the new concept of mapped observation and the new idea of backward 4DVar.
为寻求一种快速有效的四维变分资料同化(英文缩写4DVar)作了有意义的尝试,提出了映射观测的新概念和反向四维变分资料同化的新思路,并以此为基础建立了三维变分映射资料同化(英文缩写为3DVM:3-DimensionalVariational data assimilation of Mapped observation)。
2.Based on the new Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) data,the characteristics of the seasonal and interannual variations of the mixed layer in the South China Sea(SCS) are derived.
通过分析新的SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)资料,得到南海混合层时空场的分布特征,剖析了南海混合层深度的季节及年际变化特征。
3.The initial radar data assimilation is able to significantly improve the precipitation location and intensity prediction within the first six hours such that the 6 h precipitation prediction of the ARPS at 18 km resolution with initial radar data assimilation is better than that of the APRS at 3 km resolution without initial radar data assimilation. This suggests that the radar data assimilation is more effective in improving the short-range precipitation prediction than increasing the horizontal resolution alone.
而使用雷达资料改进模式初始场后,能明显改进模式6 h内的预报尤其是降水强度和落区预报,使得18 km上使用雷达资料同化的预报结果好于3 km不使用雷达资料同化的结果,表明雷达资料同化比单纯提高模式水平分辨率更为有效。
4.By using a nonhydrostatic version of the Fifth|Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) and its adjoint model, three sets of four|dimensional variational data assimilation experiments for the Meiyu front rainstorm from 23 to 24 June 1999 are performed according to different assimilation data and different assimilation windows.
作者利用PSU/NCAR的MM5数值预报模式及其伴随模式,以中国1999年6月23日～24日的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程为个例,根据气象要素与同化窗口之间的配置差异,作了3组变分同化试验。
5.In this context conventional and non-conventional observations (CDW) are assimilated by MM5 adjoint-model assimilation system so as to do research on the quality of the assimilation system and the role of CDW in improving the prediction. In this text the principal of constructing MM5 adjoint-model assimilation system is introduced amply.
本文就是利用MM5伴随模式同化系统，同化常规观测资料以及非常规资料(云导风资料)，以研究该同化系统的特性以及卫星云导风资料对于改善预报所起的作用。
6.(2) Doppler radial velocities from the Korean Jindo radar are directlyassimilated into the WRF 3DVAR system for Typhoon Rusa (2002) case. Assimilation and simulation results show that vertical velocity increments,tuning of scale-lengths in recursive filter, GTS (the Global TelecommunicationsSystem) data and AWS (Automatic Weather Station) data, are all to improvethe performance of Typhoon initial vortex and subsequent prediction. Thedirect assimilation of radial velocities has especially positive impact.
(2)应用Jindo雷达资料对台风Rusa(2002)的分析模拟表明,垂直速度分析增量、递归滤波器尺度因子调优、GTS和AWS资料的分析同化都改善了台风的初始结构和数值预报,尤其是径向速度的直接同化效果最为显著,说明直接同化方法能够从雷达观测资料中提取有效信息,对台风初始场和台风登陆预报具有正贡献。
7.The relationships among vegetation carbon assimilation and remote sensing information such as NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), LAI (leaf area index), APAR (absorbed photosynthetically active radiation), and TIR (thermal infrared radiation) were analyzed in this paper. It will be essential to establish the estimation model of carbon assimilation using remote sensing information and photosynthesis mechanism, and serve as an independent comparison to more detailed eco-physiological models of biological process.
简析了估测植被碳同化遥感-光合机理模型的重要性,阐述了遥感信息反演的参数与植被碳同化的关系,其中包括归一化差值光谱植被指数(NDVI)、叶面积指数(LAI)、吸收光合有效辐射(APAR)、热红外辐射(TIR)等与植被碳同化之间关系,为建立全遥感-光合机理碳同化模型,应用遥感信息估测植被碳同化提供依据。
8.The advantages of adjoint assimilation to obtain a first estimate field have been theoritically proved with provavility statistics and experimentally verified with ramdomly sampling simulation.The index to evaluate the effectiveness of adjoint assimilation,as well as the method for its calculation are given.
用概率统计理论证明了伴随同化方法的初始估计的优良性，给出评估伴随同化方法效果的指标及其简单算法，并用随机模拟验证。
9.Anaya thinks that Chicanos who straddle the mainstream culture and the Chicano culture should adapt to the constant confrontation between the two cultures by way of assimilation and counter-assimilation. The result of such conflict is change of the American culture so as eventually to incorporate the Chicano culture.
阿纳亚认为,横跨两种文化的奇卡诺群体必须接受由此所带来的矛盾,奇卡诺文化和主流文化始终处于对抗之中,最终美国文化发生变化,将奇卡诺文化接纳为主流文化的一部分。
10.The energy assimilation was 2. 3 × BMR(basal metabolic rate)during peak lactation, rarely approaching to their physiological limit; and digestibility and assimilation rate maintained at high level, indicating that the digestive tract might be adjusted during lactation period.
结果显示哺乳高峰期同化能量为 2．3 × BMR（基础代谢率）， 很少达到其生理极限，而消化率和同化率维持在较高水平上，表明消化道形态可能有一定调节；
